What are the building codes and engineering standards for aluminum windows and doors in the US?

In the United States, building codes and engineering standards have stringent requirements for energy efficiency and weatherization of buildings, including key performance indicators such as U-value, wind pressure and water tightness. These standards are set by various instigation such as the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the International Building Code (IBC), as well as the American Construction Code (ACC).
 
The U-value, or heat transfer coefficient, is an important parameter for measuring the thermal performance of a building envelope.The lower the U-value, the better the building's thermal performance. According to ASHRAE Standard 90.1, U-value requirements for commercial buildings vary by climate zone; for example, roofs in cold climates may have a U-value as low as 0.019 W/m²-K. Residential buildings have U-value requirements based on the IECC (International Energy Conservation Code), which typically varies from 0.24 to 0.35 W/m²-K.
 
The standards for protection against wind pressure are mainly based on the ASCE 7 standard, which defines the basic wind speeds and corresponding wind pressures that a building must withstand. These wind pressure values are determined based on the location, height and surroundings of the building to ensure the structural safety of the building at extreme wind speeds.
 
The water tightness standard focuses on the water tightness of buildings, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall and flooding. the IBC provides methods and requirements for water tightness testing to ensure that areas such as joints, windows, doors and roofs are designed and constructed to meet the specified water tightness rating.
 
Specific to each building, performance requirements such as U-value, wind pressure and water tightness are accustomed to suit the climatic conditions of its location, the use of the building and its structural characteristics. Architects and engineers must comply with local building codes, applying special calculations and testing methods to ensure that buildings meet these stringent performance standards. Through the implementation of these codes, buildings in the United States are not only able to withstand natural disasters, but also effectively reduce energy consumption and achieve sustainable development.